H1 and H7 influenza haemagglutinin structures extend a structural classification of haemagglutinin subtypes
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
H5 avian and H9 swine influenza virus haemagglutinin structures: possible origin of influenza subtypes.
There are 15 subtypes of influenza A virus (H1-H15), all of which are found in avian species. Three caused pandemics in the last century: H1 in 1918 (and 1977), H2 in 1957 and H3 in 1968. In 1997, an H5 avian virus and in 1999 an H9 virus caused outbreaks of respiratory disease in Hong Kong. We have determined the three-dimensional structures of the haemagglutinins (HAs) from H5 avian and H9 sw...
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The evolution of haemagglutinin (HA), an important influenza virus antigen, has been the subject of intensive research for more than two decades. Many characteristics of HA's sequence evolution are captured by standard Markov chain substitution models. Such models assign equal fitness to all accessible amino acids at a site. We show, however, that such models strongly underestimate the number o...
متن کاملPathogenicity and haemagglutinin gene sequence analysis of Iranian avian influenza H9N2 viruses isolated during (1998–2001)
Sixteen avian influenza (AI) H9N2 viruses were isolated from disease outbreaks in different parts of Iranduring (1998–2001). These AI isolates were used for pathogenicity, haemagglutinin (HA) gene variation andphylogenetic analysis. Results in both pathogenicity tests and HA gene cleavage site sequence detectionrepresented a non-highly pathogenic feature for all Iranian AI isolates studied. The...
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Sir, in later 2013, the newest emerging influenza infection is firstly reported from Taiwan[1,2]. This newest cross species influeza is called H6N1 bird flu[1,2]. Genetic mutation is believed to be the cause of cross species infection and the G228S substitution of haemagglutinin is proposed for increasing the mutant affinity for the human α2-6 linked sialic acid receptor[3]. This mechanism is b...
متن کاملTMPRSS2 Independency for Haemagglutinin Cleavage In Vivo Differentiates Influenza B Virus from Influenza A Virus
Influenza A and B viruses show clear differences in their host specificity and pandemic potential. Recent studies have revealed that the host protease TMPRSS2 plays an essential role for proteolytic activation of H1, H3, and H7 subtype strains of influenza A virus (IAV) in vivo. IAV possessing a monobasic cleavage site in the haemagglutinin (HA) protein replicates poorly in TMPRSS2 knockout mic...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Virology
سال: 2004
ISSN: 0042-6822
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.040